LEED v5
Core and Shell
Water Efficiency
Minimum Water Efficiency

CS-v5 WEp2: Minimum Water Efficiency Required

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Credit language

USGBC logo

© Copyright U.S. Green Building Council, Inc. All rights reserved.

Intent

To reduce potable water consumption and the associated energy consumption and carbon emissions required to treat and distribute water, and to preserve potable water resources through an efficiency-first approach.

Requirements

Meet all minimum water efficiency requirements outlined below.

Minimum Fixture and Fittings Efficiency
Meet the following minimum water efficiency requirements for fixtures and fittings.

Core and Shell only
These requirements must be met for the base building fixtures and fittings, appliances, equipment, process water, and outdoor water use. For tenant spaces, include manufacturer documentation for the base building’s fixtures and fittings, appliances, and equipment in IPp4: Tenant Guidelines.

Projects located where standard supply pressure is different than the LEED baseline supply pressure may calculate the water consumption of flow fixtures and fittings at the local standard supply pressure.

OPTION 1. PRESCRIPTIVE PATH — MAXIMUM FLUSH AND FLOW RATES
For all new and existing fixtures and fittings within the project boundary, do not exceed the maximum flush and flow rates listed in Table 1.

Table 1. Maximum Installed Flush or Flow Rates for Prescriptive Path

Fixture or Fitting

Maximum Installed Flush or Flow Rate (IP)

Maximum Installed Flush or Flow Rate (SI)

Toilet (water closet)a

1.28 gpfb

4.8 lpfb

Urinala

0.50 gpf

1.9 lpf

Public lavatory (restroom) faucet

0.50 gpm

1.9 lpm

Private lavatory faucetsa

1.50 gpm

5.7 lpm

Kitchen faucet

1.8 gpm

6.8 lpm

Showerheada

2.00 gpm

7.6 lpm

NOTE: gpf = gallons per flush; gpm = gallons per minute; lpf = liters per flush; lpm = liters per minute.

aThe WaterSense label is available for this fixture type. WaterSense-labeled fixtures are recommended for projects located in the U.S. and Canada.

bFor dual-flush toilets, the full-flush volume shall be equal to or fewer than 1.28 gpf/4.8 lpf; A weighted average cannot be used.

OR

OPTION 2. PERFORMANCE PATH — CALCULATED REDUCTION
For all new and existing fixtures and fittings within the project boundary, reduce aggregate water consumption by 20% from the baseline listed in Table 2.

Table 2. Baseline water consumption of fixtures and fittings

Fixture or Fitting

Baseline Installed Flush or Flow Rate (IP)

Baseline Installed Flush or Flow Rate (SI)

Toilet (water closet)a

1.6 gpfb

6.0 lpfb

Urinala

1.0 gpf

3.8 lpf

Public lavatory (restroom) faucet

0.50 gpm at 60 psi 

1.9 lpm at 415 kPa

Private lavatory faucetsa

2.2 gpm at 60 psi

8.3 lpm at 415 kPa

Kitchen faucet

2.2 gpm at 60 psi

8.3 lpm at 415 kPa

Showerheada

2.5 gpm at 80 psi per shower stall

9.5 lpm at 550 kPa per shower stall

NOTE: gpf = gallons per flush; gpm = gallons per minute; psi = pounds per square inch; lpf = liters per flush; lpm = liters per minute; kPa = kilopascals.

aThe WaterSense label is available for this fixture type. WaterSense-labeled fixtures are recommended for projects located in the U.S. and Canada.

bFor duel-flush toilets, the full-flush volume shall be equal to or fewer than 1.28 gpf/4.8 lpf; A weighted average cannot be used.

AND

Minimum Equipment Water Efficiency
Newly installed appliances, equipment, and processes within the project boundary must meet the requirements listed in Tables 3 and 4. Existing appliances and equipment can be excluded.

Table 3. Standards for Appliances

Appliance

Requirement

Residential clothes washers

ENERGY STAR® or performance equivalent

Commercial clothes washers

ENERGY STAR® for commercial clothes washers with ≤ 8.0 cubic feet (227 liters) capacity or performance equivalent

Residential dishwashers (standard and compact)

ENERGY STAR® or performance equivalent

Prerinse spray valves

≤ 1.3 gpm (4.9 lpm)

Ice machine

ENERGY STAR® or performance equivalent and use either air-cooled or closed-loop cooling, such as chilled or condenser water system

Commercial kitchen equipment

Requirement (IP)

Requirement (SI)

Dishwasher

Undercounter

≤ 1.6 gal/rack

≤ 6.0 liters/rack

Stationary, single tank, door

≤ 1.4 gal/rack

≤ 5.3 liters/rack

Single tank, conveyor

≤ 1.0 gal/rack

≤ 3.8 liters/rack

Multiple tank, conveyor

≤ 0.9 gal/rack

≤ 3.4 liters/rack

Flight machine

≤ 180 gal/hr

≤ 680 liters/hr

Food steamer

Boilerless/ connectionless

≤ 2 gal/hr/pan

≤ 7.5 liters/hr/pan

Steam generator

≤ 5 gal/hr/pan

≤ 19 liters/hr/pan

Combination oven

Countertop or stand

≤ 1.5 gal/pan

≤ 5.7 liters/pan

Roll-in

≤ 1.5 gal/pan

≤ 5.7 liters/pan

NOTE: gpm = gallons per minute; lpm = liters per minute.

 

Table 4. Standards for Processes

Process

Requirement

Heat rejection and cooling

No once-through cooling with potable water for any equipment or appliances that reject heat.

Cooling towers and evaporative condensers

Equip with all the following:

  • Makeup water meters

  • Conductivity controllers and overflow alarms

  • Efficient drift eliminators that reduce drift to max of 0.001% of recirculated water volume for counterflow towers and 0.002% of recirculated water flow for cross-flow towers.

Discharge water temperature tempering

Where local requirements limit the discharge temperature of fluids into drainage system, use a tempering device that runs water only when the equipment discharges hot water. 

OR

Provide a thermal recovery heat exchanger that cools drained discharge water below code-required maximum discharge temperatures while simultaneously preheating inlet makeup water. 

OR 

If fluid is steam condensate, return it to boiler.

Venturi-type flow-through vacuum generators or aspirators

Use no device that generates vacuum by means of a water flow through device into drain. 

 

AND

Minimum Outdoor Water Efficiency
OPTION 1. NO IRRIGATION
Show that the landscape does not require a permanent irrigation system beyond a maximum two-year establishment period.

OR

OPTION 2. EFFICIENT IRRIGATION
Reduce the project’s irrigation water requirement by at least 30% from the calculated baseline for the site’s annual theoretical irrigation requirement (TIR). Reductions must be achieved through plant species selection and irrigation system efficiency, as calculated by the TIR methodology outlined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

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Credit language

USGBC logo

© Copyright U.S. Green Building Council, Inc. All rights reserved.

Intent

To reduce potable water consumption and the associated energy consumption and carbon emissions required to treat and distribute water, and to preserve potable water resources through an efficiency-first approach.

Requirements

Meet all minimum water efficiency requirements outlined below.

Minimum Fixture and Fittings Efficiency
Meet the following minimum water efficiency requirements for fixtures and fittings.

Core and Shell only
These requirements must be met for the base building fixtures and fittings, appliances, equipment, process water, and outdoor water use. For tenant spaces, include manufacturer documentation for the base building’s fixtures and fittings, appliances, and equipment in IPp4: Tenant Guidelines.

Projects located where standard supply pressure is different than the LEED baseline supply pressure may calculate the water consumption of flow fixtures and fittings at the local standard supply pressure.

OPTION 1. PRESCRIPTIVE PATH — MAXIMUM FLUSH AND FLOW RATES
For all new and existing fixtures and fittings within the project boundary, do not exceed the maximum flush and flow rates listed in Table 1.

Table 1. Maximum Installed Flush or Flow Rates for Prescriptive Path

Fixture or Fitting

Maximum Installed Flush or Flow Rate (IP)

Maximum Installed Flush or Flow Rate (SI)

Toilet (water closet)a

1.28 gpfb

4.8 lpfb

Urinala

0.50 gpf

1.9 lpf

Public lavatory (restroom) faucet

0.50 gpm

1.9 lpm

Private lavatory faucetsa

1.50 gpm

5.7 lpm

Kitchen faucet

1.8 gpm

6.8 lpm

Showerheada

2.00 gpm

7.6 lpm

NOTE: gpf = gallons per flush; gpm = gallons per minute; lpf = liters per flush; lpm = liters per minute.

aThe WaterSense label is available for this fixture type. WaterSense-labeled fixtures are recommended for projects located in the U.S. and Canada.

bFor dual-flush toilets, the full-flush volume shall be equal to or fewer than 1.28 gpf/4.8 lpf; A weighted average cannot be used.

OR

OPTION 2. PERFORMANCE PATH — CALCULATED REDUCTION
For all new and existing fixtures and fittings within the project boundary, reduce aggregate water consumption by 20% from the baseline listed in Table 2.

Table 2. Baseline water consumption of fixtures and fittings

Fixture or Fitting

Baseline Installed Flush or Flow Rate (IP)

Baseline Installed Flush or Flow Rate (SI)

Toilet (water closet)a

1.6 gpfb

6.0 lpfb

Urinala

1.0 gpf

3.8 lpf

Public lavatory (restroom) faucet

0.50 gpm at 60 psi 

1.9 lpm at 415 kPa

Private lavatory faucetsa

2.2 gpm at 60 psi

8.3 lpm at 415 kPa

Kitchen faucet

2.2 gpm at 60 psi

8.3 lpm at 415 kPa

Showerheada

2.5 gpm at 80 psi per shower stall

9.5 lpm at 550 kPa per shower stall

NOTE: gpf = gallons per flush; gpm = gallons per minute; psi = pounds per square inch; lpf = liters per flush; lpm = liters per minute; kPa = kilopascals.

aThe WaterSense label is available for this fixture type. WaterSense-labeled fixtures are recommended for projects located in the U.S. and Canada.

bFor duel-flush toilets, the full-flush volume shall be equal to or fewer than 1.28 gpf/4.8 lpf; A weighted average cannot be used.

AND

Minimum Equipment Water Efficiency
Newly installed appliances, equipment, and processes within the project boundary must meet the requirements listed in Tables 3 and 4. Existing appliances and equipment can be excluded.

Table 3. Standards for Appliances

Appliance

Requirement

Residential clothes washers

ENERGY STAR® or performance equivalent

Commercial clothes washers

ENERGY STAR® for commercial clothes washers with ≤ 8.0 cubic feet (227 liters) capacity or performance equivalent

Residential dishwashers (standard and compact)

ENERGY STAR® or performance equivalent

Prerinse spray valves

≤ 1.3 gpm (4.9 lpm)

Ice machine

ENERGY STAR® or performance equivalent and use either air-cooled or closed-loop cooling, such as chilled or condenser water system

Commercial kitchen equipment

Requirement (IP)

Requirement (SI)

Dishwasher

Undercounter

≤ 1.6 gal/rack

≤ 6.0 liters/rack

Stationary, single tank, door

≤ 1.4 gal/rack

≤ 5.3 liters/rack

Single tank, conveyor

≤ 1.0 gal/rack

≤ 3.8 liters/rack

Multiple tank, conveyor

≤ 0.9 gal/rack

≤ 3.4 liters/rack

Flight machine

≤ 180 gal/hr

≤ 680 liters/hr

Food steamer

Boilerless/ connectionless

≤ 2 gal/hr/pan

≤ 7.5 liters/hr/pan

Steam generator

≤ 5 gal/hr/pan

≤ 19 liters/hr/pan

Combination oven

Countertop or stand

≤ 1.5 gal/pan

≤ 5.7 liters/pan

Roll-in

≤ 1.5 gal/pan

≤ 5.7 liters/pan

NOTE: gpm = gallons per minute; lpm = liters per minute.

 

Table 4. Standards for Processes

Process

Requirement

Heat rejection and cooling

No once-through cooling with potable water for any equipment or appliances that reject heat.

Cooling towers and evaporative condensers

Equip with all the following:

  • Makeup water meters

  • Conductivity controllers and overflow alarms

  • Efficient drift eliminators that reduce drift to max of 0.001% of recirculated water volume for counterflow towers and 0.002% of recirculated water flow for cross-flow towers.

Discharge water temperature tempering

Where local requirements limit the discharge temperature of fluids into drainage system, use a tempering device that runs water only when the equipment discharges hot water. 

OR

Provide a thermal recovery heat exchanger that cools drained discharge water below code-required maximum discharge temperatures while simultaneously preheating inlet makeup water. 

OR 

If fluid is steam condensate, return it to boiler.

Venturi-type flow-through vacuum generators or aspirators

Use no device that generates vacuum by means of a water flow through device into drain. 

 

AND

Minimum Outdoor Water Efficiency
OPTION 1. NO IRRIGATION
Show that the landscape does not require a permanent irrigation system beyond a maximum two-year establishment period.

OR

OPTION 2. EFFICIENT IRRIGATION
Reduce the project’s irrigation water requirement by at least 30% from the calculated baseline for the site’s annual theoretical irrigation requirement (TIR). Reductions must be achieved through plant species selection and irrigation system efficiency, as calculated by the TIR methodology outlined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

See all forum discussions about this credit »